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Importance of bio-fertilizers in natural agriculture

History of bio-fertilizer



Rhizobium, the world's first bio-fertilizer. In 1679, the German scholar Malpezi discovered the roots of legumes. But, it was recorded as an egg or parasite of insects. Then, in 1888, the German scholar Hellmann Hieregel recorded the legume crop rootstock fixing airborne nutrients to the soil. In 1888, Martinus Beijernac, a microbiologist from the Netherlands (Dutch), recorded the presence of rhizobium in rhizomes. He is also a botanist. There is such energy in the root nodules that can be present in plants. Through root nodules, he found that the plants on the side were also useful. Even before this scientific fact was known, the practice of taking the soil from which the root crops were grown and giving it to the crop elsewhere was in practice. Martinez isolated rhizobia from the rhizomes. It was not until 1895 that it came into agricultural use. Both Noble and Hiltner commercially developed rhizobium by separating a molecule called nitrogen from the root nodules. Acetobacter was discovered in 1901 by Martinez Bejernacle. Then, in 1930, both acetobacter and blue-green algae were commercialized by Russian scientists. In the 1930s Eastern Europe introduced phosphobacteria into the trade. The first bio-fertilizer was introduced in India in 1956. The bio-fertilizer Rhizobium was introduced by IARI.


Media for bio-fertilizers



Beneficial microorganisms are added to a medium. That medium, the microbe should be suitable for long life. Beets, lignite powder, vermiculite powder, rice, wheat bran, rock phosphate, etc. can be used as media. Various media are also used for liquid bio-fertilizers.


Rhizobium


Rhizobium is a bacterium that grows in a medium. Bacteria that live in the root nodules of legumes such as sorghum maintain soil fertility. Rhizobium is a potent bio-fertilizer made by bacteria. This is the first bio-fertilizer to be discovered. There may be more in use.


Acetobacter


It maintains 2 to 15 milligrams of nitrogen per gram of organic matter.


Azospirillum



It stabilizes nitrogen and gives the crop the energy to thrive in the environment. It gives a crop the ability to withstand all conditions such as sun, rain, and drought. Indole is produced in a hormone crop called acetic acid. It stimulates the plant to secrete the hormone auxin, which is essential for crop growth. The crop is sometimes stunted without being able to produce it. If Azospirillum is placed in the soil, it will help the crop to produce that hormone.


Blue algae and Azolla


This includes blue-green algae, which apply 10 to 20 kg of nitrogen per hectare of soil. Azolla can sustain 40 to 60 kg. We use Azolla as fodder. However, it also retains a small number of airborne nutrients in the soil. When Azolla is placed in the soil, it is humus, through which the nutrients are available to the soil.



Not earthworms microbes


In a series of articles published in the last issue entitled ‘Earthworm compost that fertilizes the soil quickly’, it has been demonstrated that microbial growth is as high as 20 percent in places where earthworm compost is applied. For example, if there were about 1000 microorganisms in the soil, there would be 20,000 earthworms in the soil where the vermicompost was applied. Instead of having 20,000 microorganisms in the earthworm-fertilized lands, it was mistaken for 20,000 earthworms.


Method of use Seed treatment


In 200 ml of rice strainer, mix the required number of seeds per hectare. Sprinkle 200 g of bio-fertilizer powder in it and dry in the shade for 30 minutes. Sow within 24 hours of seed treatment. 200 g of bio-fertilizer can be applied to 10 kg of seeds. To treat seedlings, apply 1 kg bio-fertilizer per hectare in 4-5 liters of water and dip the root zone of the seedling for 5 to 10 minutes. To apply bio-fertilizer directly on the soil, 200 kg of manure should be mixed with 4 kg of bio-fertilizer. It can be kept for 12 hours and used in soil. Unlike other fertilizers, it cannot be used for many months. When buying bio-fertilizers, look at the expiration date. Do not place in the sun. Liquid bio-fertilizer can be stored for longer days. Liquid fertilizer is widely used for foliar spraying.


How is bio-fertilizer applied to crops?


Seed treatment:


Both 200 g of nitrogen compost and 200 g of phosphate should be completely dissolved in 300-400 ml of water. Ten kg of seeds should be seed treated with this paste and left to dry in the shade. Seed-treated seeds should be sown as soon as possible.


Seedling root watering:



For paddy, a bed is made in the field and filled with water. Mix the recommended bio-fertilizer in this water and soak the roots of the seedlings for 8-10 hours.


Soil treatment:


The recommended bio-fertilizer is 4 kg mixed with 200 kg of FYM and kept overnight. This mixture is placed in the soil at the time of sowing or planting.


How does a bio-fertilizer application work well?


The bio-fertilizer product should have good effective and proper combination and should be free from germs. Select bio-fertilizers with proper composition and apply them before the expiration date. The recommended biofertilizer application method and timely use are provided on the seal. Adequate resin should be used for seed treatment. Seeds rounded with lime or gypsum should be used to repair the problem soil. Lime should be used to correct the acidic nature of the soil. Be sure to distribute phosphorus and other nutrients.


What precautionary measures should be taken to use bio-fertilizers?


Bio-fertilizer packets should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat. Bio-fertilizers should be used in the right combinations. Rhizobium should be used only for certain crops. Other chemical fertilizers should not be mixed with bio-fertilizers. When purchasing an item, make sure that each packet contains the required product name, crop name purpose, manufacturer name and address, date of manufacture, expiration date, batch number, and application instructions. For specific crops, fertilizer packets should be used before their expiration date. Also, use the recommended method. Bio-fertilizers are a direct product and need to be stored or maintained separately. Both hummus and nitrogen bio-fertilizers should be used for maximum benefit. It is important to use bio-fertilizers in combination with chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers. Bio-fertilizers should not be used as a substitute for fertilizers. But can be used to supplement plant nutritional needs.

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Location: Tamil Nadu, India

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