Weed management
All the plant species that can disturb the crops in the cultivated land are called weeds. Um. Core, adjacent, Parthenium. Even plant species that benefit humans are considered weeds depending on where it grows and the crop. E.g. Legumes in paddy field. Weeds compete with the crop for sunlight, space, nutrients, and water. This is known to reduce the yield of the crop by about 33 percent. Weeds are the unwanted, undesirable, and crop water that grows between the crops we grow, competing for land resources and affecting crop production and human development. Weeds are more influential than other factors in agricultural production. Yield loss due to weed infestation is not visible. In our country weeds alone are known to cause crop loss of about 3000 crores per annum.
Beneficial weeds
Plowing the weeds along with the soil provides nitrogen to the soil. Um. Green leafy vegetables belonging to the legume family store 20 to 30 kg N / acre in the soil. Some weeds have the property of reforming the fallow lands. Burning weeds provide potash. Weeds are used as fodder for livestock. Medicated weeds are used to make medicines for humans and livestock. E.g. Weeds found in uncultivated and uncultivated lands prevent soil erosion. E.g. Nearby, some weeds are used as food for humans and livestock. E.g. Lettuce varieties help in the production of some weed tubers (reeds) and some weeds (lemongrass) in the production of essential oil.
Weeds help in creating many new varieties. E.g. Spontaneous reed weeds are mixed with sugarcane. 205 The popular cane variety was released. Some weeds are used as ornamental plants. Um. Herbaceous weeds are exported to foreign countries and earn foreign exchange.
Damage caused by weeds
Competing with crops reduces crop yields by sharing crop nutrients, such as water, sunlight, and land, with high dosage. Perennial weeds reduce the value of the land. Mixing of weed seeds reduces the quality and value of the product. Since weeds are an alternative feeder for pests and diseases, the cost of production increases as crop protection is carried out regularly. Allergy and toxicity to weeds can affect the health of humans and livestock. Weeds that live in water bodies block irrigation canals and wastewater. Soil nutrient efficiency decreases as weeds absorb large amounts of nutrients from the soil.
How to control weeds?
Reed weeds are hard and cannot be removed very quickly. The number should be reduced gradually to prevent the further spread of the weeds in the reed-bearing field and to reduce the dose over time. For this, it is best to plan the action in an integrated manner. In summer, deep plowing of the soil should be done to bring the tubers to the surface of the soil and dry them in the sun, following proper crop rotation. Weeds can be controlled to some extent by cultivating paddy by muddying in irrigated lands. Continuous removal of the leaves without letting them bloom can greatly reduce the growth of the leaves. Intermittent plowing of horticultural lands lined with crops yields good results. Tight planting of fodder grass varieties can also reduce these weeds in a few years. It is better to place it evenly near the crop row when covering the crop. Thus compost is not wasted on the reed grass growing between the rows. Cultivation of legumes like Karamani and beans with dense rapid growth between crop rows can inhibit core growth.
Adding vine-type tuber crops like sugar beet in the crop cycle will give good results. Reed weeds cannot be eradicated by herbicide alone. However, some herbicides can slow down the growth and slow them down over the day. Different types of herbicides should be used to control weeds in cultivated fields and weeds in uncultivated fallow lands. But herbicides can be used continuously only in the absence of crop cultivation. Spraying of invasive weeds during the growing season will cause the drug to be absorbed through the leaf and attack and destroy the young shoots and the tips of the roots. There is no benefit in spraying the weeds after flowering or in dormancy. Therefore it is best to apply control methods during the multi-season weed germination or within the four-leaf season. The herbicides required to control the growing weevil in the cultivated lands are very low. However, research shows that herbicides such as 2,4D (ethyl ester, amine) and pentazocine control the fungus. However, depending on the nature of the crop being cultivated, these pesticides should be used with caution.
In uncultivated lands glyphosate, an infiltrating herbicide sprayed after germination is applied to all parts of the plant and the core begins to rot within 10 days. 15-20 days after spraying, plow the land and let the immortal tubers dry. Mix glyphosate at the rate of 1 liter per acre in 200 liters of water and spray evenly on the reeds. Thus regular spraying of weeds can reduce the tubers to some extent. But not fully controlled. This is because the sprayed drug does not penetrate properly into the tubers. The tuber is not affected though. And the tubers are dormant for a long time. Thus increasing the dose of the drug and making it more permeable increases the cost and risks affecting the subsequent crops. So the best way to handle this is to work from the bottom of the list eliminating issues that aren't worth the fight.
Weed control
Weeds have special abilities to grow and spread faster than the crops we cultivate. Complete eradication of weeds is an impossible task. Therefore, the purpose of integrated weed management is to reduce the number of weeds in the crop by appropriate methods up to the specific growing season of the crop.
Integrated weed control
Integrated weed control is the name given to a system that completely controls weeds that attack crops using cultivation, mechanical, chemical, and biological methods.
Integrated weed control methods
Cultivation method
Summer plowing
Plowing after summer rains can control the growth of perennial weeds. Thus the roots and tubers of the weeds are brought to the surface of the soil and the sunlight destroys the silk. Soil water retention is also improved.
Maintaining crop spacing
Research has shown that maintaining the recommended crop spacing reduces the impact of weeds.
Crop rotation
Continuing to cultivate a crop will cause some weeds to continue to infect and reduce the yield. Therefore, weed control can be reduced by following crop rotation.
Intercropping
Intercropping between rows in crops with high crop spacing can control weed growth.
Mulching
Covering the gaps between the crops with crop residues or plastic sheets prevents weed seeds from germinating without sunlight.
Mechanical mode
Plowing methods
Germination and growth of weed seeds are inhibited when plowing is used.
Removal by tools
Weeds can be removed using intercropping tools such as weeders, hoes, rotary weeders, and generic plows.
Burning
Dry weeds, weed seeds, and weeds in uncultivated areas can be burnt.
Water stagnation
Water retention in the ground can control weeds by inhibiting the respiration of weeds and weed seeds.
Biological Method
Insects
Dactylopius tomentosus, a beetle, can be used to destroy the Sabbath cactus, and a beetle called Psychogramma bicalareta can be used to destroy the Parthenium weed.
Fungi
The fungi Cercospora rodmanii and Rhizoctonium control the aquatic aphid. Also, use biocides to control weeds. E.g. Colitodrium genus.
Competitive crops
Cassia cerasiais a plant that grows in competition with Parthenium weeds and slows down its growth.
Aquatic organisms
Chinese carp and freshwater snails feed on and control aquatic weeds.
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