Disease management in chili

Introduction

Chili (Capsicum species.) Is the most widely used food item in the world. It was introduced in kitchens during the British and French rule to add salt to food. This is Maharashtra in India, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh In the states of Telangana, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu Is cultivated in very large quantities. Further Virudhunagar, Ramanathapuram, Sivagangai, Dindigul in Tamil Nadu Theni, Karur, Tiruppur, Coimbatore, Erode, Salem, Thoothukudi, Thiruvannamalai, Vellore, Ariyalur, Perambalur, and Cuddalore Largely cultivated in both the districts For this, the prevailing climate here is dependent on Kris Soil is the cause of May. Look at the last few years Production and purchase of chilies have been declining. The main reason for this is that the diseases in cultivation and the resulting yield losses are private It is also due to the substandard seeds of the companies. Diseases in chili cultivation and techniques for controlling or managing it We will see in this article.

Seedling rot disease (Pythium affinidermadum)

Symptoms

It is a disease that often occurs in the nursery. Waterlogged scars form on the surface of the seed, especially before the seeds germinate. Waterlogged black spots form on the stem area under the seedlings and become larger. Then the whole area rots and the upper leaves turn yellow. Seedlings will rot and wither.

Management

Abandonment of dense planting system. Seed size required Use. Fungicide (Or) of Captan 4 g / kg Seed treatment in proportion. Do not pour too much water. Also copper chloride in the soil (0.2%) per plant root Spraying.

Powdery mildew (Levillulla derica)

Symptoms

It often leaves and Can cause attacks on fruits. Mature White at the base of the leaves Fungal growth in patches. The surface of the leaf is yellow Seen as patches. Leaves Will turn yellow throughout the repair. Excess of fallen leaves around the plants Found. On the surface of the chili, Fungal growth into white patches was Found. They are immature Will fall off.

Management

Leaves of affected plants Collect and destroy. Planted field spaces Maintaining cleanliness. The leaf blooms first Fungicide dinocap in season (0.05%) spray (or) wetting Spray with sulfur (0.25%). Especially at the base of the leaves Spray well.

Fruit rot/retreat (Colitotrigum capsici)

Symptoms

This fungus will bloom on the plant causing disease onset in time Leaves, stems, In the areas of the petals Causing minor scars Make them bigger The tip of the plant Go down first After starting A part of the plant is charred Found. In that area In buds, flowers And the pods are leopard charred Will fall off. Chili and On the surface of the fruit Black circular Dots appear. For a day These are getting bigger by the day Three-quarters of variable fruits Spread over areas. As more brown, Its core is variable Disease in those areas The resulting black color Seeds are found. Affected Dark-colored rings around the seats were Found. Finally, the fruits rot Will fall off.

Management

Selection of disease-free seeds. Dram or Captain (4k \ Kg) Seed treatment. Take three e-dives. , Flowering season, fruiting season, and During the maturing season, difficulty (0.2%) Or Captain (0.2%), or Synapse (0.1%) should be sprayed.

Cercospora leaf spot disease (Cercospora capsici)

Symptoms

Small circular brown Colored spots appear on the leaves. Over the day these spots, stems, flower Stalks, spread in these. The points are pale in the central areas Brown and its surroundings Also dark yellowish-brown Found. Finally, the leaves, the flowers Will dry out in large quantities.

Management

Dried leaves and plants Let it be destroyed by fire. Mancozeb (0.2%) or spray in chlorothalonil (0.1%) Sprinkle evenly on the leaves.

Powdery mildew (Fusarium oxysporum P.S. Capsicum)

Symptoms

The leaves turn yellow. Stems and flower branches aside Parts of stem brown Variable plants wither and hang. Floor The inside of the stalk is dark brown Seen with color. Eventually, the plant's Will die.

Management

Depth of soil to a pan, which impedes rooting To plow. To select disease-free seeds To. Dried leaves and plants Let it be destroyed by fire. Carbendazim 2 g / seed Seed treatment at the rate of kg has to do. Copper oxy-chloride drug At the root area at a rate of 0.2% Spray or (a) solution To be provided. Dried leaves and plants should be burned and destroyed.

Bacterial leaf spot disease (Xanthomonas cambasteris P.V. Vesicatoria)

Symptoms

Leaves small, rounded (a) With irregular glowing spots Found. When the points get bigger with its center darker in color Found. Points together Form irregular scars. Affected leaves fall off palm leaves. the stalks and stems Suffer. Kind of stem Branches forming, embossed growth Leads to rot. Fruits rounded, Tones on pale yellow border With the formation of watery spots. The spots turn brown, in the center Inferior, including bacteria The glossy droplets of the federation Can be found.

Management

Keep the field clean To have. Disease-free seeds, Selection of seedlings. 0.1% Mercury before sowing seed for 2-5 minutes with chloride Grooming. Bordeaux mixture in the nursery 1% (a) Copper oxychloride 0.2% Spraying gives good results. Streptomycin drug Spray after pod formation Does not use. Leaf curl disease (DNA virus)

Leaf curl

Symptoms

The leaves are towards its central part Curl inwards. Boat to see The leaves turn into shape. ShortMidrib, leaf size, and Of plants with reduced stem growth The height will decrease. Buds and The flowers become self-sterile without reaching full maturity. White Flies spread the virus.

Management

Keep the field clean To have. Disease-free seeds, Selection of seedlings. Continuing to cultivate chilies Should be avoided. Nursery nylon web (A) Cover with straw To. Dimethoate 2 ml. On the scale of To be sprayed. Collect the affected plants To be destroyed by fire