Cultivation of Eggplant

In agriculture, ‘the seed germinates and the crop germinates. The fruit will be available. Many think it is easy to 'harvest'. But, growing the crop is not so easy. Successful yields require attention from land preparation to harvesting. Expected yields can be achieved by focusing on the nutrients required for crop growth, protection against pests and diseases. With full knowledge of the cultivation techniques for each crop, there can be no talk of yield loss The reason why farmers often suffer losses is their lack of understanding of the crop they are cultivating. So it is very important to know about the crop. There are many different types of eggplant. Each variety can yield at every level. There are more active varieties that can give higher yields than them. 400 g of native varieties are required for sowing per hectare. 200 g of active varieties is sufficient. Whatever the type of seed, it is essential to do seed treatment. Therefore, germination is increased and some diseases are prevented.

Seed treatment

Let's see how to do seed treatment. Mix 40 g of Azospirillum in the required amount of rice strainer, soak the seeds in a one-hectare area, and dry in the shade for two hours. Then take Trichoderma viride at the rate of 4 g / kg seed or Pseudomonas at the rate of 10 g / kg seed, turn the seeds over, and keep them in the nursery for two hours. Seed treatment is like the foundation for a building. It is necessary to do it right.

Nursery

The canopy should be 10 feet long, 3 feet wide, and half a foot high. The bed should be made of stone, glass, and tiles without any dirt. Sprinkle the treated seeds in a row at the spacing of ten centimeters on the bed with the index finger and apply… kolam on the incision. Then the seeds should be stirred by hand to cover the soil covered with straw and sprayed with water by the florist. Seeds will germinate if watered regularly for a week. On the 10th day, the straw can be removed. Seedlings can be plucked and transplanted in 35 to 40 days. Sowing without seed treatment can lead to nematode infestation during the nursery season. The stems of the diseased seedlings are swollen as if pressed with two fingers. Then the head of the plant will tilt down and the seedling will die. The cause of this disease is a fungus called 'Pythium'. The antifungals to kill it are Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas. Before sowing, spray 25 g of Trichoderma viride or Pseudomonas powder in the nursery to prevent sore throat. Before the last plowing, 25 t / ha of humus manure should be applied on the planted land. Then, set the bars to the required length two feet wide. Mix 2 kg Azospirillum and 2 kg Phosphobacteria 50 kg manure and spray the mixture on the bars before planting.

If it is a country variety, it should be planted at a spacing of 2 feet between rows and one and a half feet between plants. Some native eucalyptus plants are highly branched. For these varieties, the plant should be spaced 2 feet apart. The active variety should be planted at a spacing of 3 feet per row and 2 feet per plant. Do not irrigate immediately after planting. Before planting, irrigate and moisten the bars before planting. Water the seedlings on the 3rd day after planting. Regular irrigation once a week is sufficient. If drip irrigation is done, irrigate once in three days. One eggplant needs 50 ml of water daily. Even if you water it more, the plant will not take it. The first flowering occurs on the 28th day after planting. On the 35th day, it takes 25 percent of the flowers. On the 50th day, it blooms 100 percent. The first harvest can be made in 50 to 60 days. In the case of country varieties, the total yield is 25 to 30 tons per hectare. Yields of active varieties range from 60 tons to 80 tons

Cultivation of pests for natural pest control

Racial trapping is the process of attracting males to females. Each insect releases a scented hormone that attracts the females. Male or female insects that consume this scent will come towards their females. It is on this natural basis that racist traps operate. Insects thus attracted will then be destroyed. This avoids spawning. Avoiding spawning avoids worm production and reduces the need for pesticides. It is not possible to control all kinds of pests with racist traps. Controlling only certain pests in specific crops. Eggplant stem borer, peanut leaf, and nut borer, tomato stem borer, paddy stem borer. Placing traps reduces the need for pesticides. 5-6 traps per acre are sufficient. Sticky trap: This sticky trap is used to control juice-sucking insects such as mosquitoes and whiteflies. These insects will stick to the tin sheet if you apply yellow paint on a tin sheet apply kerosene on top of it and put it in the fields. It is widely used in weeds and cotton. 4 To 5 traps per acre is sufficient. However, the number of traps may vary depending on the pest attack.

Ginger, Garlic, Green Chili Solution: Currently, natural agriculture is widely practiced by farmers. Pest control plays an important role in this. We will now look at a simple method of this. Its name is ginger, garlic, green chili solution. Take one kilogram of garlic and soak in kerosene for 12 hours. Then take it and grind it into a good paste. Take half a kg of green chilies and half a kg of ginger and grind them separately in a paste. Then mix the minced paste well and keep it in a quart cloth. . Dip the mixture in 6 liters of water and strain the juice. Now we have 6 liters of solution ready. This solution is 500 ml if the infestation is low and 1 ml if the infestation is high and mixed with 9.5 and 9 liters of water respectively and sprayed on the insects/plants to control the worms completely. Dissolving khadi soap in water will help to absorb the natural pesticide solution we apply to the plant. Thus the potency of this solution will be longer in the plant. Hand gloves are required when preparing this. Otherwise, hand irritation will be high. Needs attention.

Biological pesticide for scissors

We know that the eggplant crop is highly infested with pests. As a result, farmers are increasingly using chemical pesticides. Recent studies have shown that hazardous levels of chemical pesticides can be found in vegetables that reach consumers. The major diseases affecting these scissors are shoot and borer (leucinodes orbitalis - Lucinodes orbitalis). This can cause losses of up to 30-100% on the scissors. The attack was discovered by the Indian Institute of Horticultural Research in Bangalore. The disease is largely controlled by the release of this biocide called Trichogramma chilonis into the eggplant garden. No need for chemical pesticides. Dr. Amarik Singh Sidhu of the Vegetable Research Institute of India said, “This technology will save billions of rupees. Farmers lay 250-400 eggs on a small piece of paper. The Trichogramma chilonis biochemicals that hatch from these eggs bind to the pods and larvae, costing only Rs 150-200 and the cost of chemical pesticides goes up to Rs 2,000. This can save a farmer up to Rs. 25,000 per hectare. ” Says