Bio-fertilizers required for the soil and its benefits

 Bio-fertilizers required for the soil 

Bio-fertilizers are active or inactive cell products of microorganisms. Thus, it helps in getting the required nutrients to the crops when applied through seed or soil. Crops can easily absorb nutrients from the soil by microbial methods. Microbes in nature are not energetic. Artificially multiplying these microorganisms can increase the activity of microorganisms in the soil. The use of bio-fertilizers is one of the most important in nutrient management.

Azolla

Azolla is a genus of perennials. Azolla is loved and eaten by cattle. It also contains amino acids that are essential for good health, such as calcium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc, manganese, vitamins, nutrients, humus, ash, and protein, which are essential for good health.

Rhizobium

Rhizobium is a soil-dwelling microorganism. It lives on the roots of legume crops and stabilizes airborne nutrients with co-existence. The appearance and nature of rhizobia differ from those of microorganisms that live spontaneously in root nodules. It is a powerful bio-fertilizer in stabilizing nitrogen levels. Leakage from crops' roots, leaks, and chemicals released from root nodules improve soil fertility. Rhizobium microbial use can store nitrogen fertilizer and get higher yields.

Acetobacter

Acetobacter is one of the most diverse varieties and can grow well in well-drained soil. It is possible to stabilize the nitrogen in the growth medium. The myriad of gluten that the microbes can produce helps the soil to compact.

Azospirillum

Azospirillum lipoferum and Azospirillum bracelets are soil survivors. In grasses, the rhizome and rhizome are intertwined. The bacterial genus Azospirillum was extracted from root and topsoil crops by microorganisms that could stabilize the nutrient. A cell called a vibrio or spirulina is innumerable. There are 5 types of Azospirillum. They are Azospirillum bacillus, Azospirillum lipoperum, Azospirillum amazoennes, Azospirillum halopropiones and Azospirillum ragens. It thrives in well-ventilated and non-ventilated areas. It can grow in the presence or absence of growth fluid. In addition to stabilizing nitrogen, Azospirillum's benefits include growth stimulant production, immunity, and drought tolerance.

Phosphobacteria

It dissolves the humus in the soil and provides it to the crops. These bacteria produce certain types of acids that dissolve the insoluble phosphate in the soil and give it to the plants. Using it can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers that give 20 percent humus. Phosphobacteria are used to stimulate root growth, tissue proliferation, and radiation, and to increase nutrient uptake.

Cyanobacteria

Spontaneously surviving cyanobacteria are well suited to India's paddy cultivation system. Joint growth is grown in pots encased in contrasting blue-green algae such as Nasdaq, Anaphena, Alluseria, and many others. In the backfield, it is multiplied many times over. In paddy fields, it is given as soil mixed lumps at the rate of 10 kg/ha.

Liquid bio-fertilizers

Bio-fertilizers such as Rhizobium, Azospirillum, and Phosphobacteria provide nutrients to crops through nutrients

t stabilization and humus dissolution methods. These bio-fertilizers are used for paddy, pulses, cereals, cotton, sugarcane, vegetables, and other horticultural crops. Bio-fertilizers are an important input in organic farming. It not only enhances crop growth and yield but also improves soil health and preserves soil fertility. Alternatively, the production technology of liquid bio-fertilizers produced by the Department of Agricultural Microbiology at the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University is said to be highly beneficial.

Methods of Apply

Seed treatment

Root bath

Soil supply

Seed treatment

Seed treatment is the most commonly used method. Seeds of small weight (up to 5 kg weight) are placed in a plastic bag and coated. For this, a plastic 21 x 10 size or larger size bag is used. This bag should be filled with 2 kg of seed or more seeds. The bag should be airtight. Press the bag for 2 minutes and let the seed soak all over. Then open the bag, blow, and shake gently. Stop shaking as soon as the seeds are evenly coated throughout. Then open the bag and let the seeds dry in the shade for 20 - 30 minutes. Heavy seeds should be placed in a bucket and the bio-fertilizer should be mixed by hand. Seed treatment can be done with Rhizobium, Azotobacter, and Azospirillum.

Seed treatment can be done by mixing with two or more microorganisms. Thus there are no side effects. The seeds should first be coated with Rhizobium, Azotobacter, or Azospirillum. After each seed has been germinated, a quality coating should be applied on the outside with phosphate soluble germs. This method can produce more microorganisms.

Root bath

Azospirillum and phosphate soluble microorganisms, this method is used when planting paddy seedlings and in vegetable crops. Mix the required Azospirillum / Phosphate dissolving microorganisms in 5 - 10 liters of water in one corner of the field and immerse the seedlings in this solution for half an hour before planting.

Supply by soil

Apply 200 ml of phosphate soluble disinfectant per acre. 400 to 600 kg of cow dung should be mixed with half a bundle of rock phosphate with phosphate dissolving microorganisms. Place the mixture under a tree and let it dry in the shade overnight at 50 percent humidity. This mixture should be applied when leveling the soil.

Benefits of biofertilizers apply 

Soil fertility increases as the duration of microbial activity are very long. Bio-fertilizers help maintain the natural habitat of the soil. Bio-fertilizers are living substances that can be easily incorporated into plant roots. The microorganisms involved quickly and safely convert complex organic matter into simple compounds. Thus the plants will take these easily. This increases the crop yield by 20-30%. It reduces the levels of chemical nitrogen and phosphorus by 25% and stimulates plant growth. Thus providing protection against drought and certain diseases transmitted through the soil.

Other Links 

Natural fertilizer

Soil-borne diseases